What is Epigenetics?
Epigenetics refers to the study of gene expression. Epigenetics Reprogramming is the process of changing the transcription pattern of genes without changing the DNA sequence. It can occur in several ways:
- DNA methylation is the addition of methyl groups to DNA. It is one of the most important epigenetic mechanisms that affects gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. The study of DNA methylation helps to understand epigenetic mechanisms and the risk of developing various diseases.
- Histone Modification is the change in the form of Histone proteins by adding certain chemical groups or removing certain chemical groups such as Methylation, Acetylation, Ubiquitylation, Phosphorylation, etc. It is a process that affects gene expression without changing the DNA sequence, which is related to the development of various chronic diseases.
- MicroRNA (miRNA) Regulation is a small RNA molecule consisting of approximately 18-25 nucleotide pairs. miRNA is not translated into protein but acts to specifically control gene expression by using miRNA to prevent or reduce the translation of target mRNA, helping to understand the mechanisms of disease and leading to the development of further treatments for chronic diseases.
What behaviors are affected by epigenetic changes?
Normal cell development
Normal cell development is a process in which cells divide and grow in an orderly and regular manner. However, epigenetic mechanisms cause two cells that divide to become different types of cells and perform different functions. For example, muscle cells and nerve cells share the same DNA code, but nerve cells act like electrical wires that carry nerve signals to other cells throughout the body. Muscle cells help the body move.
Getting older
Epigenetics mechanisms change with age. The mechanisms at birth are different from those in childhood and adulthood. These different mechanisms affect the function of cells in the body and aging.
Epigenetic mechanisms rollback
Epigenetic mechanisms can be irreversible, i.e., they can increase or decrease depending on various factors such as lifestyle and environment.
Eating
Eating certain foods, such as vegetables, fruits, vegetarian diets, or foods high in fat, can affect the mechanism of epigenetic changes.
Exercise
Regular exercise can change gene function through epigenetics mechanisms. Since it is a behavior that effectively responds to stress, it can reduce the occurrence of epigenetics mechanisms from DNA methylation and histone modification.
Examples of using epigenetics-induced gene changes
Psychological disorders
Many psychological disorders, such as depression, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, are associated with epigenetic changes. Studies have found that depressed people have different DNA alterations than those who are mentally healthy. These changes affect the functioning of genes involved in mood, memory, and self-control.
Heart disease
Several heart diseases, such as heart attack, stroke and high blood pressure, have also been linked to epigenetic changes. Studies have shown that heart attack patients have different patterns of DNA modifications สมัคร ufabet than healthy people. These changes affect the function of genes involved in inflammation, blood clotting and blood pressure control.
Cancer
Many types of cancer are also associated with epigenetic changes, with studies showing that cancer cells have different patterns of DNA modifications than normal cells. These changes affect the function of genes involved in cell growth, cell division, and cell death.
In addition, consulting a medical professional to adjust your lifestyle and take care of your nutrition can reduce the impact of changes caused by Epigenetics and reduce the risk of various diseases.